What is Ad Hoc Query and Partitioning ?

What is meant by ad hoc queries?
We have seen types of partitioning? is there any further classification of denormalization in types?

Ad Hoc queries are that queries which the user can create on their own outside the scope of the delivered software. These are not included in the typical set of queries and reports provided in the software. For example in SQL Server, there are many built-in Stored Procedures, functions, views etc.
No, there are not any.